James D. Wilets, ‘Conceptualizing private violence against sexual minorities as gendered violence: An international and comparative perspective’, Albany Law Review, 60, 990–1049, 1997 Abstract To the extent that violence against women and sexual minorities(1) is predicated upon assumptions of a polar construction of gender, (2) in which nonconformity with gender role expectations is enforced through … Read more

House of Commons Canada, ‘LGBTQ+ At Risk Abroad: Canada’s Call to Action: Report of the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration’, House of Commons Canada, 2017 Preamble On 4 October 2016, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration (hereafter referred to as “the Committee” or “CIMM”) adopted a motion to undertake a … Read more

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Summary Report, Informal Meeting of Experts on Refugee Claims relating to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, 2011 Abstract On 10 September 2011, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ) and the European … Read more

Robert Leitner, ‘A Flawed System Exposed: The Immigration Adjudicatory System and Asylum for Sexual Minorities’, 2004 University of Miami Law Review 58 (2), pp 679-699 Abstract Debate over immigration policy and immigration law has taken on an unprecedented prominence for the American body politic in recent years. The growing clout and numeric prominence of the … Read more

Aaron Ponce, ‘Shoring up Judicial Awareness: LGBT Refugees and the Recognition of Social Categories’, 2012 New England Journal of International and Comparative Law, Volume 18, pp 185-204 Abstract The advancement of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights has generally been more extensive in the European Union and its member states than the development of … Read more

ELENA, Research Paper on Sexual Orientation as a Ground for Recognition of Refugee Status, n.d.

Julie Bissland and Kathleen Lawand, ‘Report of the UNHCR Symposium on Gender-Based Persecution’, International Journal of Refugee Law, Special Issue, 1997, 13-31

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Resettlement Assessment Tool: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Refugees’, May 2019 Abstract The Resettlement Assessment Tool: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Refugees has been developed to enhance UNHCR’s effectiveness and harmonize procedures for assessing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) refugees for resettlement. Due to the … Read more

Carmela Ferrara, Orientamento Sessuale e Identità di Genere: Immigrazione e Accoglienza [Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Immigration and Reception], 2019

Human Rights Watch, ‘Country Profiles: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’, Human Rights Watch 2019 World Report, 2019 Abstract The following country profiles are derived in part from sections of the Human Rights Watch 2019 World Reportthat relate to the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. This is a living document which will be … Read more