UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), ‘Summary Report, Informal Meeting of Experts on Refugee Claims relating to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, 2011 Abstract On 10 September 2011, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ) and the European … Read more

Joint amicus, ‘Written submissions on behalf of the AIRE Centre, ECRE, HDT, ILGA- Europe and ICJ interveners pursuant to the Section Registrar’s notification of 7 December 2016’, 2017 Abstract The AIRE Centre, ECRE, HDT, ILGA-EUROPE and the ICJ (hereafter, “the interveners”)The intervener submit that in interpreting the scope and content of the Contracting Parties’ obligations … Read more

UNHCR, ‘Guidelines on International Protection: Membership of a Particular Social Group within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees’, 2002 Abstract UNHCR issues these Guidelines pursuant to its mandate, as contained in the Statute of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner … Read more

Duncan Breen, ‘The Road to Safety: Strengthening Protection for LGBTI Refugees in Uganda and Kenya’, Human Rights First, 2012

Human Rights Watch, ‘Country Profiles: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’, Human Rights Watch 2019 World Report, 2019 Abstract The following country profiles are derived in part from sections of the Human Rights Watch 2019 World Reportthat relate to the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. This is a living document which will be … Read more

UNHCR, International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing the Republic of Iraq, May 2019

Kristin Bresnahan, ‘The Board of Immigration Appeals’ New Social Visibility Test for Determining Membership of a Particular Social Group in Asylum Claims and Its Legal and Policy Implications’, Berkeley Journal of International Law 29 (2), pp 649-679, 2011 Abstract Within the area of asylum law, there has been a great deal of confusion and debate … Read more

Robert Leitner, ‘A Flawed System Exposed: The Immigration Adjudicatory System and Asylum for Sexual Minorities’, 2004 University of Miami Law Review 58 (2), pp 679-699 Abstract Debate over immigration policy and immigration law has taken on an unprecedented prominence for the American body politic in recent years. The growing clout and numeric prominence of the … Read more

Aaron Ponce, ‘Shoring up Judicial Awareness: LGBT Refugees and the Recognition of Social Categories’, 2012 New England Journal of International and Comparative Law, Volume 18, pp 185-204 Abstract The advancement of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights has generally been more extensive in the European Union and its member states than the development of … Read more

ELENA, Research Paper on Sexual Orientation as a Ground for Recognition of Refugee Status, n.d.