Human Rights Watch, “They Have Long Arms and They Can Find Me”. Anti-Gay Purge by Local Authorities in Russia’s Chechen Republic, 2017.

Human Rights Watch, ‘Spain: LGBT Asylum Seekers Abused in North African Enclave. Transfer Sexual Minorities from Ceuta to Mainland’, 2017.

H. Crawley, T. Lester, ‘Comparative analysis of gender-related persecution in national asylum legislation and practice in Europe’, UNHCR, 2004.

ELENA, ‘Sexual Orientation as a Ground for Recognition of Refugee Status’, Research Paper, 1998.

Written Comments of FIDH, APDHE, ILGA-EUROPE, ECSOL, and UKLGIG on Application No. 15109/15, M.B. v. Spain, European Court of Human Rights, Third Section, Submitted on 15 January 2016

Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 31 March 2010 at the 1081st meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies

European Parliament resolution of 4 February 2014 on the EU Roadmap against homophobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, P7_TA(2014)0062 (2013/2183(INI))

Decision of the Third Section of the ECtHR in A.T. v. Sweden, Application no. 78701/14, 25 of April 2017

European Parliament resolution on the implementation of the Council’s LGBTI Guidelines, particularly in relation to the persecution of (perceived) homosexual men in Chechnya, Russia (2017/2688(RSP))