Place: Europe

Decision of the Fifth Section of the ECtHR in H.A. and H.A. v. Norway, Application no 56167/16, 3 January 2017

Decision of the Second Section of the ECtHR in Ayegh v. Sweden, Application no. 4701/05, 7 November 2006

Laurynas Biekša, ‘The Refugee Qualification Problems in LGBT Asylum Cases’, Jurisprudencija / Jurisprudence 2011, 18(4), p. 1555–1565

Alice Edwards, ‘X, Y and Z: The “A, B, C” of Claims based on Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity?’, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), International Commission of Jurists: Expert Roundtable on asylum claims based on sexual orientation or gender identity or expression, Brussels, 27 June 2014

Alex Cooper, ‘LGBTQ asylum-seekers in Europe subjected to stereotyping and humiliation, rights group says’, NBC News / NBC Out, 29 November 2018

C. Bennett and F. Thomas, ‘Seeking asylum in the UK: Lesbian perspectives’. Forced Migration Review pp 42, 26–28, University of Oxford’s Refugee Studies Centre, 2013 Abstract Many aspects of the UK asylum process can be confusing, disempowering and traumatic for lesbian asylum seekers. Recent research examines the impacts of this process on their experiences, their identity … Read more

European Migration Network, ‘Ad Hoc query on NL AHQ on national asylum policies regarding LGBT-asylum seekers’, 2016

Jansen, Sabine, ‘Trots of schaamte?’ (‘Pride or shame?’), 2018, COC Nederland The Immigration and Naturalization Service (IND) uses fixed criteria to assess whether people who flee to the Netherlands for fear of persecution because of their sexual identity are LGBTI. The most important criterion, according to the file investigation that the COC carried out at the … Read more

Yvon van der Pijl, Brenda Oude Breuil, Lene Swetzer, Marilena Drymioti, M Goderie, ‘”We Do Not Matter”: Transgender Migrants/Refugees in the Dutch Asylum System’ 2018 Violence and Gender, 5 (1) 1-11 Abstract Although the Netherlands is renowned for its forerunner position in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and intersex (LGBTI) rights, this study urges one to … Read more

EASO – European Asylum Support Office, ‘Annual Report on the Situation of Asylum in the EU 2017’, 2018